Gluten is a protein found in grains such as wheat, barley, and rye. It provides elasticity to dough and helps it rise during baking. While most people can consume gluten without any issues, there are two conditions related to gluten that can cause problems for certain individuals: celiac disease and non-celiac gluten sensitivity. Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder in which the body's immune system reacts to the ingestion of gluten. This reaction damages the small intestine, leading to various symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, fatigue, and weight loss. Long-term complications of untreated celiac disease can include malnutrition, osteoporosis, infertility, and an increased risk of certain types of cancer. Non-celiac gluten sensitivity, also known as gluten intolerance, is a condition in which individuals experience symptoms similar to those of celiac disease, but without the characteristic intestinal damage or autoimmune response. The exact mechanisms behind non-celiac gluten sensitivity are not yet fully understood, and the condition is diagnosed based on the elimination of celiac disease and wheat allergy, followed by a symptomatic improvement on a gluten-free diet. Now, as for why some people are afraid of gluten, there are a few factors at play. First, the increased awareness and diagnosis of celiac disease and gluten sensitivity in recent years have led to more people becoming familiar with these conditions and the need for a gluten-free diet. This increased awareness has also resulted in a growing gluten-free food market. Secondly, there is a trend in popular media and online sources that promotes gluten-free diets as a means of improving overall health or losing weight, even for individuals without celiac disease or gluten sensitivity. Some celebrities and influencers have endorsed gluten-free diets as a way to improve energy levels, digestion, or general well-being. This has contributed to a perception that gluten is inherently harmful, which is not supported by scientific evidence. It's important to note that a gluten-free diet is necessary for individuals diagnosed with celiac disease or non-celiac gluten sensitivity. However, for the general population without these conditions, there is no scientific evidence to support the notion that a gluten-free diet provides significant health benefits. If you suspect you may have celiac disease or gluten sensitivity, it's best to consult with a healthcare professional for proper evaluation and diagnosis before making any dietary changes. They can guide you on the appropriate course of action based on your individual needs.